Study Reveals Surprising Health Benefits of Chewing Gum

Chewing gum, often regarded as a simple indulgence, could hold significant benefits beyond just oral health. Recent research published in the journal Nutrients examined a wide array of studies to identify additional uses for chewing gum, highlighting its potential advantages for athletes and patients recovering from surgery. The study, titled “Chewing Gum and Health: A Mapping Review and an Interactive Evidence Gap Map,” underscores a need for further exploration, particularly concerning its effects on children and older adults.

Historical Context and Current Uses

The practice of chewing gum dates back thousands of years, with evidence of its use in ancient Egypt and the Mayan civilization. Modern chewing gum, which became popular in the 19th century, is primarily made from chicle, a natural latex derived from the sapodilla tree. This chewy substance is recognized for its ability to promote salivation, helping to maintain oral hygiene and combat bad breath, especially when it contains non-fermentable sugars like xylitol.

Beyond its dental benefits, chewing gum serves various purposes. Smokers often turn to nicotine gum to curb their cravings, while athletes may chew gum to enhance performance. Additionally, it has been reported to reduce anxiety, boost alertness, and assist with appetite regulation. The affordability and widespread availability of chewing gum make it a practical option for many, opening doors to its potential as a public health tool.

Study Findings and Applications

The comprehensive review analyzed 260 studies, categorizing them based on the type of gum used, outcomes measured, and study design. Notably, 155 of these studies were classified as randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The majority of research originated from the USA (34 studies) and China (32 studies), with significant contributions from the UK and Turkey as well.

The findings revealed three key areas where chewing gum has been beneficial. First, it appears to improve overall well-being and performance, particularly in sports. Caffeinated gum has been linked to enhanced physical endurance, reduced fatigue, and quicker reaction times. Additionally, many participants reported decreased anxiety and improved mood stability.

Secondly, the study highlighted chewing gum’s role as a medical aid. Among the 40 studies focused on this application, 14 assessed its effectiveness as a smoking cessation tool, particularly for nicotine gum users. This form of gum not only aids in quitting smoking but also encourages adherence to various cessation strategies. Other medical uses included alleviating thirst in patients with restricted fluid intake and managing glucose levels in pregnant women with diabetes.

Lastly, the review confirmed that chewing gum plays a crucial role during specific surgical procedures, particularly in the post-operative phase. Studies indicated that it could enhance gastric visualization during endoscopy and expedite recovery from gastrointestinal issues. Chewing gum stimulates the cephalic-vagal reflex, which promotes gut motility, mimicking the digestive process without actual food intake.

Despite the growing interest in chewing gum’s health applications, the review identified notable gaps in research, especially concerning children and older adults. Only twelve studies explored its effects on young individuals, primarily in surgical settings. Similarly, research on its impact on older adults remains limited, with only a handful of studies addressing cognitive functions and recovery outcomes.

In conclusion, while chewing gum shows promise in enhancing performance and aiding recovery, further investigation is necessary to fully understand its benefits across different age groups. The findings from this study could pave the way for more comprehensive research, potentially transforming chewing gum into a valuable health resource.