Researchers Warn High Blood Pressure in Childhood Raises Death Risks

High blood pressure in childhood may significantly increase the risk of early death from cardiovascular disease, according to new research. Preliminary findings presented at an American Heart Association meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, reveal that children with blood pressure readings in the top 10 percent for their age, sex, and height are particularly vulnerable. The study highlights concerning implications for seven-year-olds, who may face a 40 percent to 50 percent higher risk of dying from cardiovascular conditions by their mid-50s.

Dr. Alexa Freedman, an assistant professor at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, emphasized the importance of these findings, stating, “We were surprised to find that high blood pressure in childhood was linked to serious health conditions many years later.” This research underscores the need for regular blood pressure screenings and effective strategies to enhance cardiovascular health from a young age.

The study involved an extensive analysis of data from approximately 38,000 children, primarily Black and white, collected since 1959. It is part of the largest U.S. investigation into the effects of pregnancy and various factors on child health. Blood pressure measurements were taken when the children were seven years old. By 2016, over 2,800 participants had died, with more than 500 of those deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease.

Even moderately elevated blood pressure in childhood was linked to an increased risk of premature cardiovascular death, building upon earlier research that connected childhood hypertension to adult cardiovascular issues. A study from 2022 revealed that elevated blood pressure in older children and preteens also raised the risk of cardiovascular death by middle age.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the U.S., resulting in more than 941,000 deaths in 2022. This condition affects the heart and blood vessels, often leading to complications such as heart failure and arrhythmias. High blood pressure contributes to cardiovascular disease by damaging arteries, which can lead to blood clots and blockages. Notably, high blood pressure was linked to over 664,000 deaths in the U.S. in 2023.

To reduce the risk of developing heart-related conditions, researchers advocate for establishing heart-healthy habits early on. Maintaining a balanced diet low in saturated fat, sugar, and sodium while avoiding ultraprocessed foods is essential. Regular physical activity is equally important, with recommendations for children to engage in at least one hour of exercise daily, such as walking, biking, or participating in sports.

Health professionals recommend that blood pressure checks start at age three, according to guidelines from leading pediatric organizations. Dr. Freedman reiterated the importance of monitoring blood pressure early, stating, “Even in childhood, blood pressure numbers are important because high blood pressure in children can have serious consequences throughout their lives.”

By fostering awareness and proactive health measures, parents and healthcare providers can play a crucial role in safeguarding children’s cardiovascular health for the future.