Breakthrough Blood Test Detects 50 Cancer Types in NHS Trial

A groundbreaking blood test capable of detecting over 50 types of cancer is currently being trialed within the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. The test, known as Galleri, has shown a 62% accuracy rate in identifying potential cancer cases, according to findings from the Pathfinder 2 study. This innovative screening method, which can be administered annually, seeks to identify DNA fragments shed by cancer cells in the bloodstream, enabling earlier detection of the disease, often before symptoms manifest.

The Galleri test has garnered attention for its ability to accurately diagnose cancer at early stages, where treatment is most effective. Data from a recent trial revealed that 61.6% of individuals who tested positive for a “cancer signal” were indeed diagnosed with cancer. Remarkably, the test correctly identified the origin of the cancerous cells in 92% of cases, potentially reducing the need for further scans and tests, which can be time-consuming and costly.

More than half of the new cancers detected by the Galleri test were in the earliest stages, specifically stages I or II, while over two-thirds were found in stages I through III. This early identification allows for a broader range of treatment options, many of which are less invasive and disruptive. Additionally, the test has proven to be highly effective for individuals without cancer, accurately ruling out the disease in 99.6% of cases, thereby saving both time and resources on unnecessary follow-up tests.

Significant Findings Presented at ESMO Congress

The findings are being presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress in Berlin. Sir Harpal Kumar, president of International Business and BioPharma at Grail and former head of Cancer Research UK, expressed enthusiasm regarding the results. He stated, “We’re really very excited and we think this is a further step along the way in really transforming cancer outcomes.”

The study explored how the Galleri test could complement existing screening programs for prevalent cancers, such as breast and bowel cancer. Results indicated that incorporating Galleri into routine screening led to a more than seven-fold increase in the number of cancers detected within a year. Specifically, the test identified a cancer signal in 216 individuals, with cancer subsequently diagnosed in 133 of these cases.

An NHS trial assessing the effectiveness of Galleri in screening asymptomatic individuals is anticipated to be published in mid-2024. Sir Harpal highlighted the potential benefits of this research, suggesting that positive results could lead to a significant increase in the early detection of cancer, ultimately facilitating the use of more effective and potentially curative treatments.

Cost-Effectiveness and Future Implications

Modelling suggests that the Galleri test could serve as an effective annual blood test for individuals aged 50 and above, as cancer incidence rates begin to rise significantly at this age. “Our analysis suggests it’s going to be more cost-effective from age 50 upwards,” Sir Harpal noted, while also acknowledging that younger individuals with a history of cancer or genetic predispositions may also benefit from this screening.

Research published in the journal BMJ Open earlier this year found that implementing an annual blood test for cancer could lead to a 49% reduction in late-stage diagnoses and a 21% decrease in five-year mortality rates when compared to standard care practices.

As this innovative blood test continues to evolve, it holds the promise of transforming cancer care and improving patient outcomes through earlier detection and intervention. The ongoing trials and research will be crucial in determining the long-term impact of the Galleri test on global cancer treatment protocols.