Bacteria Changes May Signal Early Parkinson’s Symptoms

Research from King’s College London reveals that alterations in the bacteria present in the mouth and gut of individuals with Parkinson’s disease may serve as early indicators of deteriorating symptoms. Utilizing artificial intelligence, scientists have established a correlation between these bacterial shifts and cognitive decline, which encompasses difficulties with memory and learning among affected individuals.

The findings suggest that these bacterial changes could be used as potential “markers” for healthcare professionals. This would enable them to identify Parkinson’s patients who are at elevated risk of developing dementia, while also aiding in the creation of targeted treatment strategies. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by symptoms such as involuntary tremors, mood disorders, balance issues, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment. According to the Alzheimer’s Society, approximately one-third of Parkinson’s patients ultimately develop dementia.

Insights from Groundbreaking Research

Dr. Saeed Shoaie, who leads the Quantitative Systems Biology (QTS) lab at King’s College London, emphasized the growing association between oral and gut bacterial communities and neurodegenerative diseases. He noted that disruptions in the gut-brain axis may instigate inflammatory and immune responses that contribute to neuronal damage. Notably, a well-known bacterium associated with gum disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been identified as a possible contributor to Alzheimer’s disease.

The study, published in the journal Gut Microbes, analyzed 228 spit and stool samples collected from 41 patients with Parkinson’s and mild cognitive impairment, 47 patients with Parkinson’s and dementia, and 26 healthy individuals. Researchers discovered that individuals with mild cognitive impairment harbored a greater abundance of harmful bacteria, many likely originating from the mouth. These bacteria produce toxins that can harm gut tissue, trigger inflammation, and potentially affect brain function.

To enhance their analysis, the research team employed AI technology to identify bacterial species and functions that traditional testing typically overlooks. This innovative approach enabled them to directly associate toxins with cognitive decline.

Implications for Disease Management

Dr. Shoaie pointed out that emerging evidence highlights the significance of maintaining oral and gut health in potentially slowing neurodegenerative processes. As individuals with Parkinson’s increasingly depend on caregivers, essential practices such as oral hygiene and dietary habits may be neglected. The findings suggest that fostering a healthy microbiome through consistent oral care, a well-balanced diet, and possibly targeted probiotic interventions could improve disease management for those with Parkinson’s.

Dr. Frederick Clasen, a research associate at the QTS lab, acknowledged the need for further investigation into whether these bacteria are the cause of cognitive decline or if changes induced by Parkinson’s facilitate their growth. Nevertheless, he indicated that the research suggests these bacterial shifts may actively contribute to symptom exacerbation.

Dr. Clasen believes that the identified markers could eventually lead to the development of targeted therapies. He stated, “These toxins could be used as biological markers to identify patients at higher risk of dementia in Parkinson’s. In the future, they might also be targets for new treatments that protect the brain by modifying the gut environment.”

As research continues to unfold, the hope is that these findings will pave the way for advancements in understanding and managing Parkinson’s disease, ultimately improving the quality of life for those affected.